North Macedonia Elections Cybersecurity Report: Executive Summary

As digital technologies continue to reshape democratic processes worldwide, securing the integrity of elections has become a critical priority. North Macedonia, like many democracies, faces increasing cybersecurity challenges that threaten the credibility and functioning of its electoral system.

This publication presents a comprehensive overview of cybersecurity risks associated with election-related ICT infrastructure in North Macedonia, developed within the framework of the European Union-funded project “Cybersecurity Rapid Response for Albania, Montenegro and North Macedonia 2.0”, led by the e-Governance Academy.

Drawing on field visits, stakeholder consultations, and extensive desk research conducted before, during, and after the 2024 electoral cycle, the report highlights key vulnerabilities and provides actionable recommendations to enhance the cyber resilience of North Macedonia’s State Election Commission (SEC). It addresses both technical and institutional gaps, proposing immediate and long-term measures to protect electoral integrity in an evolving threat landscape.

This publication serves not only as a technical assessment but also as a call to action for national authorities, civil society, and international partners to collaborate in strengthening the country’s democratic infrastructure against current and emerging cyber threats.

Editor: Priit Vinkel